pharmacopathy

Cholangiocarcinoma: Complete Guide From Causes To Solution

Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer affecting bile ducts – tubes carrying liver-made fluid for digestion. This grave illness interrupts bile flow, causing bodily harm. While challenging to treat, knowledge about cholangiocarcinoma’s origins, signs, and treatments helps patients and families cope. The cancer cells multiply in bile ducts. These pipelines transport bile from the liver to aid […]

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Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS): Prognosis, and Preventions

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Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare condition that affects the body. KSS impacts muscles, eyes, and the heart. The disorder is complex, with symptoms like muscle weakness, vision issues, and irregular heartbeats. It arises from mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which disrupt energy production. Mitochondria are tiny structures inside cells that produce energy

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Eisenmenger’s Syndrome: Pathophysiology, and Complication

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Complications of Eisenmenger Syndrome Eisenmenger’s Syndrome often brings concerning issues. Some of the major complications: Heart Failure: High lung blood vessel pressure enlarges the right heart chamber. The heart grows feeble and struggles: heart failure occurs. Arrhythmias: People with this syndrome sometimes experience irregular rhythms. Atrial fibrillation or ventricular arrhythmias raise stroke and other health

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Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Guide From Causes To Treatment

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Kearns-Sayre Syndrome Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) is a condition that impacts different body parts. It causes issues with muscles and organs. KSS happens due to mitochondria problems. Mitochondria are small cell parts that make energy. Table of Contents Introduction Causes and Risk Factors Symptoms and Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Treatment Approaches Prognosis and Life

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Eisenmenger Syndrome Surgery

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When Surgery Is Considered Eisenmenger Syndrome may require Surgery in cases where other treatments fail to relieve symptoms or avoid complications. When structural abnormalities exist, surgical correction might aid blood flow and oxygenation, thus prompting a surgical recommendation. Types of Surgery The different types of Eisenmenger syndrome surgery are: Atrial Septostomy: A procedure where an opening

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Agammaglobulinemia (Immunoglobulin Disorder): Complete Guide

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Agammaglobulinemia A rare inherited condition weakening immunity, Agammaglobulinemia (Immunoglobulin Disorder) causes low antibody levels. Antibodies are proteins that fight germs – viruses and bacteria attacking the body. People without enough antibodies are prone to infections. Essential immune fighters, antibodies recognize and destroy harmful invaders. Agammaglobulinemia sufferers lack this critical defense, leaving them vulnerable to illnesses.

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Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

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Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymic Disorder) Dysthymia named Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), signifies a long-term depression. Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, low mood endure for minimum two years. It’s chronic depression characterized by persisting negative emotions. What is dysthymic disorder in dsm 5? In the mental health guide called the DSM-5, dysthymic disorder gets categorized under chronic

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Agammaglobulinemia Inheritance and Prevention

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Who Discovered Agammaglobulinemia? Dr. Ogden Bruton discovered agammaglobulinemia in 1952. He was an American pediatrician. He identified a group of boys with recurring infections. They lacked antibodies. This led to recognizing X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Inheritance agammaglobulinemia mechanism There are various ways agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia (absence of immunoglobulin) is inherited. This depends on the specific genetic change

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Eisenmenger Syndrome: Guide From Causes To Solutions

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Eisenmenger Syndrome Eisenmenger Syndrome starts with a birth defect. This defect causes blood to flow wrong between heart chambers. At first, the blood flows left to right. This is called a left-to-right shunt. Some conditions that cause it are ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Over a long

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Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI): Prognosis, Gene, and Complications

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Can lamellar ichthyosis be inherited? Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI) is inherited. It’s genetic and runs in families. It has an autosomal recessive pattern. This means getting two bad gene copies is needed, one from each parent, to develop it. Parents carrying just one bad copy typically don’t show symptoms themselves. What lifestyle adjustments can help manage

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